![]() Negative symptoms can be primary symptoms, which are intrinsic to the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia, or secondary symptoms that are related to psychiatric or medical comorbidities, adverse effects of treatment, or environmental factors. Negative symptoms can occur at any point in the course of illness, although they are reported as the most common first symptom of schizophrenia. ![]() Negative symptoms are common in schizophrenia up to 60% of patients may have prominent clinically relevant negative symptoms that require treatment. The negative symptom domain consists of five key constructs: blunted affect, alogia (reduction in quantity of words spoken), avolition (reduced goal-directed activity due to decreased motivation), asociality, and anhedonia (reduced experience of pleasure). The term negative symptoms describes a lessening or absence of normal behaviors and functions related to motivation and interest, or verbal/emotional expression. Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia that account for a large part of the long-term disability and poor functional outcomes in patients with the disorder. The objective of this review was to provide information that may be useful for clinicians treating patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is frequently a chronic and disabling disorder, characterized by heterogeneous positive and negative symptom constellations.
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